Which vital signs are typically measured during a trauma assessment?

The assessment of vital signs during a trauma evaluation is crucial for understanding the patient's physiological status and determining the urgency of intervention. The correct answer includes heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), which collectively provide a comprehensive view of the patient's cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurological functions.

Heart rate indicates the efficiency of the heart to pump blood, blood pressure assesses the force of the blood circulating in the arteries, and respiratory rate offers insight into lung function and overall oxygenation. The GCS is a standardized scale used to assess a patient's level of consciousness, which is particularly important in trauma cases where neurological status may be compromised due to potential head injuries.

Each of these measurements plays a critical role in the early identification of life-threatening conditions. For example, abnormal heart rate and blood pressure readings can suggest shock or significant blood loss, while abnormal respiratory rates may indicate respiratory distress or failure. The GCS helps identify patients needing immediate neurological assessment or intervention.

Other options may include combinations of vital signs, but they do not provide the complete set that encompasses cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurological assessments critical for trauma patients. Therefore, the combination provided in the correct answer is essential for a thorough trauma assessment.